Telegraph apparatus.



G. P. BLBSSING.

TELEGRAPH APPARATUS. APPLICATION TILED AUG. 18, 1913;

Patented Aug. 25, 19M

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

m l j- G. P. BLESSING.

TELEGRAPH APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 1a, 1913.

1,108,545., Patented Aug. 25, 1914.

2 SHEETS SHEET 2.

1/013141: was 7 V UNITED sT rr ss rA'rENT OFFICE- GAY APBENTICE BLESSING, OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON.

TELEGRAPH APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented A i g.5, 1914.

Application filedAugust'lB, 1913. Scrial No. 786,2:186.

-'rut us, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates-t0 electrical apparatus and more particularly to a meansfor reversing the polarity of-the battery on a telegraph li'ne, when such battery is at a distant station, it'having for one of its objects to provide such. an apparatus which will operate in an-e'fiicient manner and be ofsimple construction. I

A further object resides in means adapted for single line wires whereby polarized relays may be utilized at all intermediate or way stations.

Other objects will appear as my description progresses. and-- fora full understanding of the invention referenee isto be had-to the following specification, the appended-claims and'the accompanyin drawings wherein Figure --1 is adiagra'mmatic view illustrati'ng my invention as'eruployed in a telegraphline. FigL Q is a side elevation of my duplex relay. --Fig. 3 is an' end elevation, and Fig.4 is "a polarized relay employing a s'p'ringto aid in o ening the sounder circuit.

Ihave ill-ustra' d-rny invention being employed for reversing'the polarity of abattery of a telegraph on a single'line wire but the same may be poses.

-' n modern telegraphy, the troublerex erienced with-the common relays employ is Lutilized for various .pur-

that on account er thecurrent escaping-to the earth atthe-vafidus supp'orts,'leaves of trees resting on the wires, and suchlike, along the route, and especially -in. wet weather, it i s impossible fo r-the operator at a station distant from'the'battery station' to cut off all oithe current passing through the instrument's at the"sta'tions between him.- and the-Battery station; fl hus, the'greaterthe.

distance of a station from the battiery station, the lesser the amount of current which passes through the instruments at that -stiation owi'n to'thedodsoreseape of the current as -zi ove indicatedv r-while itis .not

necessary that all'the'eurrent should me out;

03' -as'"eac;h relay is divided with ret-rartl 'l'e spring and otli e r means of 'md justment so that as the escape of current in creases owing to the increase in rainfall Jadjustment may be made accordingly still' in.

practice it is a'very common'occurrencedfor a large majority ofthe stations or Einetrumentsto be out of adjustment when itstatts to rain, and as the rainin'creases constant attention must be given the instruments in order to keep them so adjusted as Etohear .what 1s going on oucr the wire. 4

By using my invention, polarized relay may be utilized on singlealin'e wires endanable the operator at any stationcto reverse the polarity of the .main battery=.to;.-therehy actuate the armaturesofgthe pdla'riaed rela/ys at all stations. Thus, the efficiency of (the wires would be increased by .the utilization of olarized relays, especially -in .wet weat ergand do away with the trouble now experienced, of the instruments atlthe way stations being out of adjustment Wheh it rains, as by thls system the only instru exits which. would need. to be. adjusted .Wdtllli-h those located at the battery stations'where the. attendants are 1 much more skilled in this respect th-an.:,the average operator. T-he in- ;struments vat the way stations will require no ad] ustment' utter: a pro ei: (installment regarclless 'otf thehuantity; 01 current escaping.

iReierr-mg; muemil the 'accom; anying drawings, 11; designates; a suitable: ase'or supportzhavmgtmounted thereonian upright support 2-1501 marrying the relay coils =3 which are adjustable zby screw number .4 and :have the anmattu-e 5 pivot/ed base 1 to .be -.attracted by. the said coils ,-.a.gai.nst the tension of the variable tension member The movementofithe armature ma'yfbecontrolled by the screw 7 asisobvioua 1 When sattractedlby coilsv of ma at 3, ammmms makes contact with platinum contact point Son upright2,.said contact 8 being connect ed .toa; binding post-.9 .while the armature-is connected to a-bindin postdO. mpla'tioi-m 111iSl1PPQ1'1Z0d abovet e-base' carries-a lock- --ing' armature ilfl-whicltis urged downwardly hya spring B and adaptedqforcattraotiop.

:by. 1 a- .superpos'ed magnet-or relay coils x14 which latter are conuectedrto binding-posts 15 on the.platfonm, 'Elihe armaturewflflis pivoted as at 16 and is,in:-.metallic cpnnection. with arlmaflure 5. through "wire .17...

."Loeking armatumilflisrformed with afshoulder +1.2 .whiidmfiadfls down bahk of contact arm oi armature- ;5 V pro'ecting"; upwardly throughaa-slotw provid I in tl'iemlatfflrm when armature 5 is attracted by coils 3,

such dropping of the locking armature being aided by the spring 13. Thus, when the current passing through the coils 3 is cut off, locking armature 12 will-practically retainarmature 5 ag inst contact 8 for closing the circuit between binding posts 9 and 10. Of course, too much friction be tween contact arm 5' and shoulder 12' must not'be provided. However, should there be too much play between them, the circuit will still remain closed between the binding posts 9 and 10 since armature 12 engages platinum contact 19 when it locks armature 5, said co'itact being in metallic connection with contact 8. When a' current passes through coils 14, armature 12 is drawn up to release armature 5 and when the current is cut off from coils 14, the locking armature is released, its shoulder 121 falling on top of the contact arm 5 in which position the armatures do not contac t with the contacts 8 and 19. Upon energizing magnet 3 armature 5 is attracted to allow shoulder 12 falling behind the" end portion 5 as above set forth. Current wires for energiz ing magnet 3 20. One of these instruments is located at each battery station and by reference to the diagrammatic view, a thorough understand ing of the'utility and operation of my duplex relay may be obtained. The current passing through the main line 50, when sending a message, energizes magnet 3 which attracts its armature 5 to closethe local circuit A. This circuit includes the armature 5, the contact points 8 and 19, an electro-magnet 51 connected, as by conductor 52, to the contact points, a pole changer electro-magnet connected to armature 5 by conductor 54 and a battery 55 connected to the magnets '51. and 53. Energizing magnet will close the local circuit A by armature 5 engaging contact 8. ,Closing this circuit will energize magnets 51 and 53 which will attract their armatures 56 and 57, respectively. Armature 5G is included in a second local circuit B which further consists of a battery 58 and the magnet 14-, of the duplex relay, connected by conductors. Tws. batteries 60, 61, are provided, at the battery station, for the main line, one of which has its negative pole grounded and the other having its positive pole grounded, as by conductor The other pole of each battery is connected by a conductor which is comprised in the term battery and terminates in a suitabl contact point for engagement by the ar: .ture 5?, which 1 term a pole changer? When the operator owns his key to send a message. L121 the position shown in the d glflll'llllzlttfi \iew whi h l hare called normal posi- (hm. The pole changer at ou ha are fastened to binding posts various instruments :iSSilTIEQ tion is in connection with a positive pole, while the pole changer at the other station is connected to the negative pole, for obvious reasons. VVhen magnet 53 attracts the pole changer armature, the latter breaks the circuit with one battery and makes connection with the opposite pole of the other battery, thereby changing the polarity of the battery along the line. Upon energizing magnet 3, which is connected by the line wire 50 to the pole changer 57, magnet 53 is energized also, as its circuit is closed by armature 5. \Vithoiit the locking armature the following operation would result: In attracting the pole changer from its normally engaged contact. the circuit is broken, the current cut off, and the magnet 3 deenergized whereby local circuit A is broken by the releasing of armature "5 which causes magnet 53 to become deenergized. The pole changer not having had sufficient time to cross the gap between the poleterminals of the batteries, is urged to its normal position by spring 62 Whichcloses the main circuit again and another cycl'of operation follows with a continual buzzing of the two armatrires as a result. By employing the locking armature, the local circuit is men tained closed until the pole changer has rad suflicieut time to cross the gap or space between the pole terminals of the batteries to rererse the polarity. The reversed current energizes magnet 3 to maintain the current reversed until the operator releases the key to break the circuit. In energizing magnet initially, inagnet 51 becomes energized to also attract its armature 56 for closing local circuit B. Magnet 14 then bec'oming energized draws up locking armature to permit the armature 5 to fall back, being urged by spring 6, when the main circuit is broken. However, before the locking arma ture is elevated by its magnets, the pole changer has crossed the gap and the magnet 3 is energized by the'reverse current. Thi magnet being energized, its armature is held in the closed position maintaining local circuit A and the magnet53 energized to hold its armature to the attracted position: Now consideriugthe way or intermediate stations other than the battery stations, each is provided with a polarized relay 70, in the main line 50. and a local circuit C including the armature 71 of the relay, a sounder 72 and battery 73. At each station is provided also. a suitable resistance "(4 connected in parallel with the key 75. I

The keys at all the stations are normally closed with the exccpziou oi the one fr m which the" mes 1 s being" sent. .By ing the l;

and rem arily ot' the battery I along l. av causing the arms turc ot' an :o mowto close the lo al cir uit and o M ra iill'llfl!" 7'2.

Upon releasing the key and breaking the circuit, magnet becomes deenergized breaking local circuit A and spring 62 pulls pole changer across the gap to send a reverse current along the main line to reverse the action of the polarized relays on their armatures, e., repel the armatures and break the local circuits C. This current passes through resistance 74, the key beingopened, which weakens the current sufficiently to prevent the energizing of magnets 8 enough to attract amatures 5 against springs 6. Thus, it will be seen that the resistance provides a path for-the weakened reverse current to push or'repel the armatures of the polarized relaysto an opened position.

By providing a retractile spring of suflicient strength to overcome the tendency of the armature to remain closed on account of what' residual magnetism there may be in the magnet, the resistance'may be done awaywith. In this instance, whatever escape current passes through the instrument would assist the spring to open the relay and the more the escape, the more vigorously would the armatures come back to the open position which is exactly the opposite action of the common relays now employed.

The duplex relay instrument may be em ployed in various ways, as, for instance, an automatic repeater between two or-more of the polarized circuits above described with battery at one and only, which may be ac complished b changing the manner of connecting the coal circuits.

I am aware tha/t 'various modifications from the construction herein described may be made without departing from the spirii andv scope of m .,invention as claimed, and so Ido not wis to be understood as limlting myself by the specific terms herein em ployed excepting as the prior art may reulre. q By slightly modifying the construction, the instrument may be employed as an automatic repeater between two Morse circuits at any station, either at battery station or a station distant therefrom, and as such requires no local battery.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States of America, 1s:- 4

1. In an instrument ofthe character described, a relay comprising an elcctro-mag net and an armature, a contact arm operable by the armature, contact means mounted for engagement by the contact arm for closing a circuit, means for locking the arm against the contact means, said locking means being in metallic connection with the contact arm and adapted for engagement with the contact cache, and means for releasing the arm from the locking means.

2. In an instrument of the character described, a relaycomprising an electrounagnet and: anarmature, oontazotimeans, an arm operable by the armature for. engagement with-the contact means ifiorclosingia circuit, aseecnd relay comprisingan eiectroqnagnet andain arniature,:.means r locking the first armature against the-contact means and .releasable by the second armature, said locking means being-in metallic connection with the arm and adapted for engagement with the contactameansh I 3ninleombination, electrical energy supply means, a pole. changer normally connected with one pole of the supply means and adapted to connect with the opposite polciof thelatteman electro'magnet for moving. the pole changer, alccal'circuit including themagnat and normally maintained opened, a main circuit including the sup- 'ply means and pole changer, a' second electro-magnet included in, the main circuit. means for closing the local circuit operated by the second magnet when a certain amount ofcurrent passes through the latter for energizing the same, and means for controlling the current through the; main circuit.

4. In combination, electrical energy supply means, a pole changer normally connectedwith one pole; ofithe supply means and adapted. to connect with theo posite pole of the latter, an elmtrormaghet gmmoving the pole-changerto connectwith the last named pole, means for returning. the pole changer tonormal position. when'imleased by the magnet, a localcircuit' including: the magnet and normally maintained opened, a'main: circuit including the supply means and pole changer, a second electro-magnet included in the main circuit, .means ior. .closing the local circuit operate by the second magnet when a certain amount of current passes through the latter for energizing the same, and means for controlling the current through the main circuit.

5. In combination, electrical energy supply means, a pole changer normally connected with one pole of the supply means and adapted to connect with the opposite pole of the latter, an electro-magnet for moving the pole changer, a local circUflPincluding the magnet and normally maintained opened, a main circuit including the supply means and pole changer, a second clectro-magnet included in the main circuit, means for closing the local circuit operated by the second magnet when a certain amount of current passes through the latter for energizin r the same, a telegraph key for operation in the main circuit, a polarized relay in the main circuit, a sounder, and a circuit including the sounder and polarized relay closed by the latter.

6. In combination, electrical energy supply means. a pole changer normally connected with one pole of the supply means iii and adapted to connect with the opposite I last electrounagnet, and means for closing pole of the latter, an electro-iuagnet for moving the pole changer, a local circuit including the magnet and normally maintained opened, a main circuit including the supply means and pole changer, a second electromagnet included in the main circuit, means for closing the by the second magnet when a certain amount of current passes through the latter for energizing the same, means for retaining the local circuit closed, a second local circuit closed by the closing of the first local circuit, an clectrov-magnct included in the second local circuit and adapted to move said retaining means to permit the opening of the first local circuit, and means for controlling the current through the magnet of the main circuit.

7 In combination, electrical ener supply means, a pole changer normaly connected with one pole of the supply means and a'da ted to connect with the opposite pole of t ing the pole'changer, a local circuit including the magnet and normally maintained opened, a main circuit including the supply 'means and pole changer, a second electromagnet included in the main circuit, means for closing the local circuit operated by the second magnet when a certain amount of current passes through the latter for energizing the same, means for engaging the last means for retaining the local circuit closed, an electro-magnet for moving the retaining means to release the local circuit closing means, a second local circuit including the local circuit operated e latter, an electro-magnet for mov-.

the second local circuit operable on the closing of the first local circuit.

8.-In combination, electrical energy supply means, a pole changer normally connected with one pole thereof and adapted to be moved to connect with the opposite pole and disconnect with the first pole, a telegraph licy, means for moving the pole changer operable on closing of the telegraph key, a main circuit including the key, supply means and pole changer and connected to said pole (hanger moving means, a polarized iclay in the main circuit, an electrically operated in strunient, and a local circuit including the instrument and relay and closed by the latter.

9. In combination, electrical energy supply means, a pole changer normally connected with one pole thereof and adapted to be moved to connect with the opposite pole, an open circuit including the pole changer and supply means, means for moving the pole changer on closing the circuit, a polarized relay in the circuit, the armature of the said polarized relay beingoperable in one direction on closing the circuit, and means to effect movement of the, olarized relay armature in a reverse direction upon opening the circuit.

Signed at Seattle, Washington, this 31st day of July 1913.

GAY PRENTI CE BLESSING.

Witnesses:

HARRISON M. BR oKs, CLARA A. HARM.

copies of this patent may be obtained. for

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Iatents,

Washington, D. 0." 

